Daughter of Hu Jintao: Hu Haiqing
paramount leader
of the People's Republic of China. He has held
the titles of General
Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the People's Republic of
China since 2003, and Chairman of the Central Military
Commission since 2004, succeeding Jiang Zemin
as the chief of the fourth generation of leadership
of the Communist Party of China.
Hu has been involved
in the Communist party bureaucracy for most of his adult life, notably as Party secretary for Guizhou
province and the Tibet Autonomous Region, and then later first Secretary
of the Party Secretariat and Vice-President
under former leader Jiang Zemin. Hu is the first leader of the Communist Party
without any significant revolutionary credentials. As such, his rise to the
presidency represented China's transition of leadership from establishment
communists to younger, more pragmatic technocrats.
The states control has
been supported by him and thus, he was known to be conservative and has been
conservative with political reforms.[1]
Along with his colleague, Premier Wen Jiabao,
Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and development
that cemented China as a major world power. He sought to improve socioeconomic
equality domestically through the Scientific Development Concept, which
aimed to build a "Harmonious Society" that was prosperous
and free of social conflict.[2]
Meanwhile, Hu kept a tight lid on China politically, cracking down on social
disturbances, ethnic minority protests, and dissident figures. In foreign
policy, Hu advocated for "China's peaceful development", pursuing soft power
in international relations and a business-oriented approach to diplomacy.
Through Hu's tenure, China's influence in Africa, Latin America,
and other developing countries has increased.[3]
Hu possesses a low-key
and reserved leadership style, and is reportedly a firm believer in
consensus-based rule.[4]
These traits have made Hu a rather bland figure in the public eye, embodying
the focus in Chinese politics on technocratic
competence rather than personality.[5]
Hu is the longest-serving
leader of any G20 nation, though he is widely expected to step down as
president in the months following the announcement of a new Politburo Standing Committee in November
2012.
Early life
Hu Jintao was born in Taizhou, Jiangsu
province on 21 December 1942. He grew up in Taizhou and finished his high
school education there. His branch of the family migrated from Jixi County
of Anhui
province to Jiangyan during his grandfather's generation. His mother was a
native of Taixian in Jiangsu.[citation needed]
Though his father owned
a small tea trading business in Taizhou, the family was relatively poor. His
mother was a teacher and died when he was seven, and he was raised by an aunt.
Hu's father was later denounced during the Cultural Revolution, an event that (together
with his relatively humble origins) apparently had a deep effect upon Hu, who
diligently tried to clear his father's name.[6]
Hu was a gifted
student in Taizhou high school, excelling in activities such as singing and
dancing.[citation needed] In 1964, while
still a student at Beijing's Tsinghua University, Hu joined the Communist
Party of China (CPC), before the Cultural Revolution. He was the chairman of Tsinghua Student Union at that time. He
graduated in hydraulic engineering in 1965. At Tsinghua, Hu
met a fellow student Liu Yongqing, now his wife. They have a son and
a daughter named Hu Haifeng and Hu Haiqing, respectively.
In 1968, Hu
volunteered for his service in Gansu and worked on the construction of Liujiaxia
Hydroelectric Station[7]
while also managing Party affairs for the local branch of the Ministry of Water
Resources and Electric Power. From 1969 to 1974, Hu worked for Sinohydro
Engineering Bureau, as an engineer.[8]
Early political career
In 1973, Hu was
transferred to the Construction Department of Gansu as a secretary. The next
year he was promoted to vice senior chief. In 1980, Deng Xiaoping
implemented the "Four Transformations" program, which aimed to
produce communist leaders who were "more revolutionary, younger, more
knowledgeable, and more specialized." In response to this nation-wide
search for young party members, Song Ping, the first secretary of CPC Gansu Committee (Gansu's
governor) discovered Hu Jintao and promoted him several ranks to the position
of deputy head of the commission.[9]
Another protégé of Song, Wen Jiabao, also became prominent at the same time.
In 1982, Hu was
promoted to the position of Communist Youth League Gansu Branch Secretary and
was appointed as the director of the All-China Youth Federation.[10][11]
His mentor Song Ping was transferred to Beijing as Minister of Organization of
the Communist Party of China, and was in charge of senior cadres'
recommendation, candidacy and promotion. With the support of Hu Yaobang and
Deng Xiaoping, Hu was assured of a bright future in the party. At Song Ping's
suggestion, in 1982 central Party authorities invited Hu to Beijing to study at
the Central Party School.[12]
Soon after, he was transferred to Beijing and appointed as secretariat of the Communist Youth League Central Committee
("CY Central"). Two years later Hu was promoted to First Secretary of
CY Central, thus its actual leader. During his term in the Youth League, Hu
escorted Hu Yaobang, who was General Secretary of CPC then, in visits around
the country. Hu Yaobang, himself a veteran coming from the Youth League, could
reminiscence his youth through Hu's company.
Party Committee Secretary of Guizhou
In 1985, Hu Yaobang
pushed for Hu Jintao to be transferred to Guizhou
as the provincial Committee Secretary of Communist Party of China.[13]
Hu attempted to improve the economy of the backwater province, and reputedly
visited all of its eighty-six counties.[14]
While in Guizhou, Hu was careful to follow Beijing's directives and had a
reputation of being "airtight"; he rarely would offer his views on
policy matters in public.[14]
While Hu was generally seen as an official with integrity and honesty, some
locals preferred his predecessor Zhu Houze. In 1987, Hu Jintao handled the
local students protest parallel to the Democracy Wall
carefully, whereas in Beijing similar protests resulted in Hu Yaobang's forced
resignation.
Hu Jintao is the current paramount
leader of the People's Republic of China. He has held the titles of
General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President
of the People's Republic ... Wikipedia
Presidential term: March 15, 2003 –
Party: Communist Party of China
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